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· International Organization for Standardization or in short, ISO – is a collection of standardized processes to ensure the facility, organization, warehouse and other factory key points stand according to the industry standards. ISO comes in numbers such as ISO 9001:2015, 14001:2015, etc. The first number indicates the standard ID, while the second shows the release date.
· International Telecommunication Union authority, or short “ITU,” – controls the quality and standards of telecommunication equipment.
IPC-A-600: Acceptability of Printed Boards: This standard outlines the minimum requirements for PCB quality, reliability, and performance. It covers all aspects of board construction, including finished board thickness, plating thickness, copper weight, hole quality, and more. Following IPC-A-600 helps to produce boards that pass structural and environmental reliability testing.
IPC-2222: Cable Harness Design Guide: The IPC-2222 standard guides the design and development of electrical cable harnesses and wiring assemblies. It covers topics such as wire and cable selection, connector specification, routing, termination, labeling, and documentation. Following the guidelines in IPC-2222 helps ensure harness designs can be manufactured reliably and assembled with minimal rework. The PCB standards also promote designs that simplify testing and verification.
IPC-D-275: Design Standard for Rigid Printed Boards and Rigid Printed Board Assemblies: This standard establishes guidelines for PCB layout functions like component and line spacing, pad sizes, footprint definitions, routing clearances, and stack heights. Adhering to IPC-D-275 design rules ensures manufacturability on modern assembly equipment and improves yields. It also promotes thermal and mechanical reliability.
IPC-2221: Generic Standard on Printed Board Design: IPC-2221 is considered the most comprehensive set of design rules, incorporating the requirements from numerous other IPC standards. It establishes detailed design practices for everything from stack-up definition to design for manufacture (DFM) guidelines. Strict compliance with IPC-2221 gives high confidence that boards will be producible and functional.
IPC-A-610: Acceptability of Electronic Assemblies: This standard covers assembly quality and workmanship criteria. It is used to inspect assembled boards to guarantee acceptable soldering, component placement, and overall quality of manufacture. Certification to IPC-A-610 assures that boards and assemblies will perform reliably.
IPC-1791: High Reliability/Long Life PCB Design: The IPC-1791 standard defines rigorous requirements for designing PCBs for long service life in harsh and reliability-critical applications like aerospace, medical, and military. It covers elevated temperature storage and operation, thermal cycling tolerance, shock/vibration hardening, and component derating/failsafe requirements.
IPC-6012: Qualification and Performance Specification for Rigid Printed Boards: This IPC standard for PCB specifies test methods and acceptance criteria for key PCB performance characteristics like dimensional stability, solderability, copper peel strength, thermal shock, and moisture resistance. It is used to qualify boards for high-reliability use and identifies any latent defects from the fabrication process.
IPC-D-275: Design Standard for Rigid Printed Boards and Rigid Printed Board Assemblies: These PCB standards cover PCB dimensions and tolerances, layer stack-up definitions, design layout methodology, component placement rules, and fabrication drawings/documentation requirements. It aims to ensure dimensional accuracy and repeatability of design features between multiple board houses.
IPC/WHMA-A-620: Requirements and Acceptance for Cable and Wire Harness Assemblies: This standard pertains to wire harness and cable assembly manufacturing. It defines workmanship and quality criteria for wire preparation, termination, and joins/splices. Following this standard helps verify harness assemblies have been built to specifications and will perform reliably.
Let's take a closer look at each of them.
The first electronic products class includes boards intended for lower-cost consumer goods with expected lifespans of only a few months or years. These devices prioritize short-term affordability over longevity.
· Home appliances
Class 3 PCBs are intended for mission-critical applications where high reliability is essential for safety, business operations, or national security. This includes:
When designing and manufacturing printed circuit boards (PCBs), there are numerous terms specific to the IPC standards that are important to understand. A solid grasp of this terminology will allow the best communication between all parties involved in a PCB project.
A netlist is a fundamental concept that describes the interconnectivity between various components on a PCB. It lists explicitly each "net" or connection between two or more points on the board. Engineers will design and test a circuit using a netlist before proceeding to layout.
If you demand absolute assurance that your boards perform as designed throughout their life cycles, look no further than PCBasic. Contact us today to discuss how our investment in IPC-centered manufacturing processes can help bring your next product to market with confidence. Your satisfaction is our primary goal.
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